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IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDEAGuideAddressingStrayVoltageConcernsThisdocumentsupplementstheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureHand-book696titledEfectsoElectricalVoltageCurrentonFarmAnimalsHowtoDetectandRemedyProblemsDecember1991commonlyreferredtoastheRedBook.IowaAssociationofElectricCooperativesThefollowingorganizationsdevelopedthisguide.JULY2014 2IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDESponsoringOrganizationsAlliantEnergyIowaAssociationoElectricCooperativesIowaCattlemensAssociationIowaEnergyCenterIowaFarmBureauFederationIowaInstituteoCooperativesIowaStateDairyAssociationUnlessstatedotherwisepermissionisgrantedtoreproducethesematerialsithecontentisnotaltered.Reproductionviacopymachineorothercopytechnologyispermissible.Alsothematerialcanbereproducedinnewslettersandotherdistributionmethods.IthematerialsarereproducedinanewslettermagazinewebsiteorothermethododistributionpleasenotiytheIowaAssociationoElectricCooperativesat515.276.5350.Thisnoticationisorinormationalpurposestotracktheusageoourmaterials.DisclaimerTheinormationinthisguideisintendedoruseaseducationalmaterialtoassistutilityrepresentativesarmersandtheiradvisorstounderstandprocessesandproceduresthatcanbeusedtoresolvestrayvoltageconcerns.Identicationanddiagnosisostrayvoltageproblemscansometimesbedicultandrequireselectricalexpertise.Workingwithelectricalsystemscanbedangerous.Voltagesthatcausestrayvoltageproblemsarenormallysolowtheycannotbedetectedwithoutspecialinstruments.Apossiblehazardtolieexistsianelectricalshockcanactuallybeeltorianimalsareknockeddown.Thedeviceorelectriccircuitresponsibleortheshockshouldbedisconnectedbyunpluggingthedeviceorde-energizingthecircuitattheservicepanel.Thesituationshouldbeexaminedbyanelectricalproessionalassoonaspossible.Thisdocumentisnotmeanttoprovidelegaladviceorestablishanattorney-clientrelationship.Consultyourlegalrepresentativeandtheresponsiblestateorederalagenciesregardingyourspecicsituationbeoreutilizingthesematerialsinalegalproceeding.Reasonableefortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyotheinormationcontainedinthisguidehoweverthenatureandcontentotheguidearesubjecttochangesinthelawandinscienticadvancement.Theefectoutureregulatoryandjudicialdevelopmentsmayaltertheinterpretationandefectotherecommendedprocessesandproceduresdiscussedinthishandbook.Theutilizationothesematerialsbyanypersonrepresentsanagreementtoholdharmlesstheauthorsandthesponsoringorganizationsoranyliabilityclaimsdamagesorexpensesthatmaybeincurredbyanypersonasaresultoreerenceorrelianceontheinormationcontainedinthisguide.PREFACEIowaAssociationofElectricCooperatives IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE3Introduction.......................................................4IowaStrayVoltageFlowchart............................................5CommonCausesofStrayVoltage.........................................6On-Farm........................................................6Of-Farm........................................................6FarmWiringChecklist.................................................7ProperFarmWiringSummary............................................8FrequentlyAskedQuestions...........................................9-11StrayVoltageMeter.................................................12HiringanElectricianforOn-FarmWiring...................................13UtilityContactInformation............................................14InformationaboutBiosecurityProtocols...................................15OtherBiosecurityResources...........................................15Allspecies......................................................15Swine.........................................................15Dairy.........................................................15Cattle.........................................................15Poultry........................................................15TestingProcedures..................................................16PhaseIProtocol...................................................16PhaseIIProtocol...................................................16LoadBoxTestLBtest...............................................16SecondaryNeutralVoltageDropTestSNVDtest..............................17SignatureTest....................................................18PrimaryProleTest.................................................1824-HourTest....................................................18AppendixASampleForms............................................19-24AppendixBModelReportorUtilitiestoUsewithFarmers..........................25AppendixCListoReerenceMaterialsorUtilitiesandFarmers.....................26-27TABLEOFCONTENTS 4IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDETheIowaStrayVoltageGuideoutlinesthestepsarmerselectriciansutilitiesandtheiradvisorscantaketodiscoverandresolvestrayvoltageconcernsonlivestockarms.Whenarmersandutilitycompaniescanworktogetherstrayvoltageconcernsaremorelikelytobesatisactorilyresolved.ThiscompilationoinormationwasacollaborativeefortoAlliantEnergyIowaAssociationoElectricCooperativesIowaFarmBureauFederationandIowaStateDairyAssociation.Thecontactinormationoreachutilityisincludedoreasyreerence.Farmersandutilitiesmayalsoincludetheiradvisorssuchasveterinariansorelectriciansinthisprocesstoputadditionalknowledgeandexperiencetobearonresolvingtheissues.Theinormationincludedinthisguideisintendedtoprovideabaseleveloknowledgeorthosewhoareconcernedaboutwhethertheanimalsonalivestockarmareexperiencingalevelostrayvoltagewhichmaybeimpactinganimalbehaviorperormanceorproduction.Theprocessesoutlinedinthisguideprovideasystematicmethodordeterminingwhetherstrayvoltagemightbecausingaproblemandhowtobestaddresstheproblem.Whilestrayvoltagemayneverbecompletelyeliminatedstepscanbetakentoreducestrayvoltagetoacceptablelevels.INTRODUCTIONTheguideincludesalistocommoncausesandaarmwiringchecklisttoaddresspossiblecausesandwaystoavoidon-armstrayvoltage.Italsogoesthroughwhatthearmerandutilityshouldexpectwhenconductingastrayvoltageinvestigationincludingthepropertestingproceduresorstrayvoltage.Althoughthisguideisocusedoncattleanddairyarmstheprocessesandproceduresarerelevanttoalltypesolivestockandlivestockhousingacilities.Thesponsoringorganizationsusedseveralsourcesoinormationasthetechnicalbasisortheguide.TheprincipaloundationortheprocessesandprocedureswastheU.S.DepartmentoAgricultureHandbookEfectsoElectricalVoltageCurrentonFarmAnimalsHowtoDetectandRemedyProblemsbutthegroupsalsoincorporatedappropriateinormationromAlliantEnergysstrayvoltageprogramtheWisconsinPublicServiceCommissionandtheMidwestRuralEnergyCouncil.TheAlliantEnergyprocessesandproceduresweredevelopedbasedonthestrayvoltagematerialsdevelopedbytheWisconsinPublicServiceCommissionandseveralotherIowautilitiesuseasimilarapproach.TheUSDAHandbookexaminesThehistoryostrayvoltagecurrentproblemsonarms.Thephysicalandelectricalsourcesostrayvoltagecurrentphenomena.Thephysiologicalandbehavioralbasisorlossesinmilkproduction.Methodsoridentiyinganddetectingstrayvoltagecurrentproblems.Methodsormitigatingsuchproblems.Areaswhereurtherresearchmaybewarranted.Aulllistoresourcesandreerencematerialcanbeoundattheendothisguide. IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE5Utilityandfarmerreviewreportanddiscussoptionsofreducingon-farmcontributionUtilitytestingcompleteUtilityandfarmerdiscussoptionsforfuturemonitoringorotheractionsUtilitytakesactiontoreduceitscontributiontobelow0.5voltattheanimalcontactpointNoUtilityandfarmerreviewresultsfromPhaseItestingPhaseIItestingbeginsSeepage16ofthisguideUtilityreturnstofarmtoretrieveequipmentanddatafromPhaseIItestingYesNoIsutilitycontributing0.5ormorevoltattheanimalcontactpointUtilityunawareoffarmersstrayvoltageconcernsUtilityperformsnoon-farmstrayvoltagetestingFarmerexplainsbiosecurityprotocolsandpoliciesDatetimesetforutilitysitevisitforstrayvoltageinvestigation2UtilityvisitsfarmtobeginPhaseItestingSeepage16ofthisguideUtilityreturnstofarmtoretrieveequipmentanddatafromPhaseItestingUtilityexplainsstrayvoltageinvestigationprotocolsandpoliciesFarmerexplainsanyinvestigationworkdoneorcompletedbyothers1ThisisnotarecommendedpathundertheIowaStrayVoltageGuide.2Theutilityorthefarmermayuseexpertsasnecessaryduringtheprocess.YesNo1YesNoCallElectricUtilityIsaninvestigationnecessaryFARMERHASCONCERNSWITHSTRAYVOLTAGEIsstrayvoltagelevelabove0.5voltattheanimalcontactpointYes 6IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDECOMMONCAUSESOFSTRAYVOLTAGECommonCausesoStrayVoltageOn-FarmPoorneutralwireconnectionsDamagedneutralwiresLackoffarmgroundingImbalanceof120voltloadsresultinginhigherlevelsofneutralcurrentUndersizedneutralwiresfortheneutralcurrentloadImproperseparationofequipmentgroundsandneutralwiresinbuildingsEquipmentproblemsGround-faultsElectricfencerscrowdgatesortrainersOf-FarmLooseneutralwireconnectionsDamagedneutralwiresPoororlackofgroundingUndersizedneutralsforthecurrentloadSystemloadimbalanceonthreephaselinesImproperlyfunctioningutilityequipmentGround-faultsatneighborsserviceFormoredetailsseechapter6oftheWiringHandbookforRuralFacilitiesapublicationofMidWestPlanService.Acopycanbepurchasedatthefollowingwebsitehttpswww-mwps.sws.iastate.educatalogconstructionwiring-handbook-rural-acilitiesThefollowingareexamplesofsomecommoncausesofstrayvoltage.Theselistsarenotintendedtobeexhaustivebutratheralistofcommoncauses. IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE7FARMWIRINGCHECKLISTTheFarmWiringChecklistandProperFarmWiringSummarywillassistfarmersandelectriciansevaluatingthefarmelectricalsystemandtoplanwiringimprovements.Usingthesetoidentifypotentialproblemareasandtoimplementon-farmwiringimprovementscanhelplowerstrayvoltagelevelsandpreventunacceptablelevelsinthefuture. 8IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDEPROPERFARMWIRINGSUMMARYCustomerNameUtilityRepresentativeDateAddressCityStateZIPNoteAnelectricalinspectionwasnotdoneaspartoftheutilitystrayvoltageinvestigation.Electricalsystemimprovementsandasafetyreviewshouldbedonebyaqualifiedelectrician.InstallationshouldbedoneinaccordancewiththeNationalElectricalCodeasmodifiedbyspecificstateelectricalcodes.Thisisagenerallistoffarmwiringpractices.FarmGroundingThecentraldistributionpointandeachbuildingserviceentranceonthefarmshouldbegroundedtotwodrivengroundingelectrodesspacedatleastsixteenfeetapart.Thegroundingelectrodeconductorfromtheserviceentrancesshouldbecontinuousandanapprovedgroundingelectrodeconnectorinstalledthatiscleanandtight.Anyundergroundmetallicwaterpipeshouldbegroundedtothebuildingserviceentrancewithin5feetfromthepointwhereitentersthebuilding.UseUFwireorPVCconduitinbuildingswhereanimalsarehousedastheydonotdegradeundermoistandcorrosiveconditions.Installcorrosion-resistantdustproofweatherproofandwatertightboxesconnectorslightfixturesandequipmentwhicharedesignedspecificallyforanimalhousingconditions.NeutralandEquipmentGroundingSplitboltconnectorsshouldbereplacedwithcompressionconnectors.Usecompressionconnectorswheneverinstallingnewwiring.Terminationslugsinserviceentrancesshouldbecleanandtight.Anequipmentgroundingconductorshouldberuntoallequipment.120voltequipmentshouldhavethreeconductorsaphaseaneutralandanequipmentground.240voltequipmentshouldhavethreeconductorstwophasesandanequipmentground.Onlyoneelectricalsourceshouldbeextendedtoabuilding.Theserviceentranceineachbuildingshouldsupplypowertosubpanelswhenadditionalelectricalpanelsarerequiredwithinthesamebuildingusingafour-wiresystemconsistingoftwophaseconductorsaneutralconductorandanequipmentgroundingconductor.Balancing120voltloadssoequal120voltloadsaretakenoffeachphaseconductorwithintheservicepanelwillreducetheamountofcurrentloadflowingontheneutralconductor.Neutralcurrentcancontributetostrayvoltage.Wheneverpossibleuse240voltequipmentinsteadof120volt.Equipmentoperatingat240voltsdoesnotusetheneutralconductorandreducesthepotentialforstrayvoltage.Installafour-wiresystemforsinglephaseserviceorfive-wiresystemforthreephaseservicefromthecentraldistributionpointtotheserviceentrancepanelsateachbuilding.Asinglephaseserviceincludestwophaseconductorsaneutralconductorandanequipmentgroundingconductor.Thebondingscrewisleftoutoftheneutralbartokeepseparationofthegroundingandneutralsystemswithinthepanel.Theneutralandequipmentgroundingconductorsremainseparateuntiltheyareconnectedatthecentraldistributionpoint.ElectricFencersandTrainersSpecial20000voltinsulatedleadoutwireshouldbeusedonhotterminals.Thecontrollersshouldhavegroundingsystemsindependentofanybuildinggroundingsystem.Thegroundingwireforeachenergizershouldconsistof600voltinsulated8orlargercopperwireleadingtoaseparategroundingsystemconsistingofatleasttwo8groundingelectrodesinstalledatleasteightfeetapart.Thisgroundingsystemshouldbeplacedatleast25feetfromthebuildingselectricalgroundingandundergroundmetallicwaterlines.Fornewinstallationsselectlivestockwatererswith240voltheatingelementsandinstallgroundequipotentialplanesateachwaterertoincreasesafetyandreducevoltageexposure.Existing120voltelectricallyheatedwaterersshouldbeproperlywiredwithaphaseneutralandequipmentgroundingconductorsaccordingtomanufacturersspecifications.Twodrivengroundingelectrodesshouldbeconnectedtothewaterer.WhenremodelingmakingadditionsorbuildingnewlivestockfacilitiesInstallanequipotentialplaneintheconcreteandbondallmetallicstructurestoit.Considerupgradingto3phaseserviceifyouareincreasingyourelectricalloadorinstallinglargemotors.Electricalitemsthatmayrequirefurtherattentiononyourfarm_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE91.WhenafarmercallsaboutstrayvoltagewhathappensTheutilitywilllistentowhattypeoconcernsyouhavewhatyouwanttohappenanddeterminewhattheutilitycandooryou.Iyouareinterestedtheutilitywillmakeanappointmentorthebeginningoanactualstrayvoltageinvestigation.2.WhatdoesaninitialstrayvoltageinvestigationincludeSpotvoltagechecksaredoneatarepresentativenumberoanimalcontactlocationstoidentiywhereanimalsmaybeexposedtovoltage.Spotchecksalsoidentiytheareaswithhighervoltagereadingsandwhereextendedtimeanimalcontactvoltagerecordingshouldbedone.Voltagemeasurementsaremonitoredwitharecordingvoltagemeteroraminimumoatleasttwomilkingsorapproximately24hours.Anominal500-Ohmresistorisusedorextendedanimalcontactmonitoringinordertoaccuratelymeasurethevoltagelivestockmayeel.Therecorderisalsomonitoringvoltagelevelsontheutilityelectricalsystematthetransormerandthearmelectricalsystematalivestockbuildingonthearm.Detailedreportsdataandexplanations.ProvidingacopyotheProperFarmWiringSummary.Seepage83.HowlongdoestheutilitytestduringaninvestigationTherecordingvoltagemeterisinstalledortwomilkingsorapproximately24hours.Monitoringusuallycontinuesuntilitisdeterminedthattheentireelectricalsystemhasbeenevaluatedandtheconcernsothearmerareaddressed.4.DoesthetestingincludetheutilitysystemorjustthefarmwiringTheutilitywillevaluateboththeon-armandof-armelectricalsystems.Theutilitycanshowthemeasurementsrombothsystemstoyou.FREQUENTLYASKEDQUESTIONS5.DoesthefarmergetacopyofthetestingresultsYesyouwillreceiveasummarylettercopiesotherecordeddataasgraphsandanexplanationoallthedatacollected.6.IsthereacosttothefarmerforaninvestigationTheinitialstrayvoltageinvestigationisusuallyprovidedbytheelectricutilitytolivestockarmersatnocharge.Checkwithyourelectricutilityoritsspecicpracticeorpolicy.7.CantheutilityinstallaneutralisolatoronmyfarmYestheutilitycaninstallanisolator.Isolationatthetransormercanonlybecompletedbytheutility.Aneutralisolatorisasaetyreconnectdevice.Itisinstalledbetweentheutilitysprimaryneutralandthesecondaryneutralorthearmanddisconnectsthebondbetweentheutilityandarmneutralwiresisolation.Undernormaloperationthisreducesstrayvoltageonthearm.Howeverunderabnormalconditionse.g.shortcircuitsorlightningstrikestheisolatorautomaticallyreconnectstheprimaryneutralandthesecondaryneutralorsaety.Atertheeventhaspassedtheisolatorreturnstotheoriginalstateoisolation.Contactyourutilityrepresentativetoobtainanyapplicableormsandobtaininormationabouttheprocessandcostsorinstallinganisolatingdevice.Ianisolationdeviceisinstalledyouwillneedtodiscussmaintenanceandinspectionobligationswithyourelectricutility. 10IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE8.WhathappensafterinitialtestingAtertestingiscompletedthemeasuredanimalcontactvoltagesarereviewedtodetermineurtheractions.Whilestrayvoltagecanneverbecompletelyeliminatedstepscanbetakentoreducethelevels.Strayvoltagecancomeromon-armorof-armsources.Iavoltagediferenceo1.0voltACormoreexistsbetweenanimalcontactpointsmeasuredwithanominal500Ohmresistorinthecircuititisrecommendedthatactionbetakentoreducethisvoltage.Theutilitywilltakeactioni0.5voltorgreateriscomingromof-armsourcesandthearmerisencouragedtotakeactionitheon-armcontributionis0.5voltorgreater.Itheutilitydistributionsystemcontributes0.5voltormoretotheanimalcontactvoltageasdeterminedbyaloadtesto20kWapproximately27hpo240voltloadtheutilitywilltakestepstoaddresstheissueuntiltheutilityscontributiontoanimalcontactvoltagesislessthan0.5volt.Thislevelisusedsoproactivemeasurescanbetakentopreventanimalavoidancebehaviorandanimalproductionlosses.Ianimalcontactvoltagesareduetothewiringonyourarmconsultwithyourelectricianandutilityrepresentativetoresolveproblemsorimprovethearmwiringsystem.9.Isthereanyfollow-uptestingYourutilityrepresentativecanalsoperormollow-uptestingtodeterminetheefectivenessoanymodications.Heorshewillalsoconsultonnewconstructionprojectsortheinstallationoequipotentialplanes.10.CanfarmersperformtheirownstrayvoltagetestingTherearecertaintestsotheutilityelectricsystemthatcanonlybecompletedbytheelectricutility.TheMidwestRuralEnergyCouncilisagoodsourceoinormationrelatedtostrayFREQUENTLYASKEDQUESTIONSvoltage.TheyhavepublishedadocumenttitledStrayVoltageDetectionASel-HelpGuide.Thispublicationisintendedtogiveyouabasicunderstandingostrayvoltagesomeoitscommonsourceshowtodetermineiharmullevelsexistonyourarmandwhenandhowtocallorassistancetohelpreducestrayvoltagelevels.Thisdocumentisnotintendedtomakeyouastrayvoltageexpertbutshouldprovideyouwiththeinormationnecessarytosaelydetermineiaproblematiclevelostrayvoltageispresentonyourarmatlocationsthatareaccessibletoyourlivestock.Thispublicationisspecicallyorientedtowardthedairyarmerhowevermostotheinormationprovidedisapplicabletoalllivestockoperations.Acopyothispublicationcanbeoundonthewebatyi.uwex.edumrecfles201102svd1.pd11.HowmighttheIowaUtilitiesBoardbeinvolvedinastrayvoltageinvestigationTheIowaUtilitiesBoardadivisionotheIowaDepartmentoCommerceregulatesIowasutilitycompanies.Thisregulatoryauthorityencompassescertainpowerqualityissuessuchasstrayvoltage.IyouhaveanissuethatcannotberesolvedbythepartiesyoumayleacomplaintwiththeUtilitiesBoardhowevertheBoarddoesnothavetheauthoritytoawarddamagesintheseinstances.TheollowinglinkontheirwebsitewillgiveyoumoreinormationaboutlingwiththeBoardwww.state.ia.usgovernmentcomutilcomplaintsindex.html12.WhatshouldIconsiderwhenselectingastrayvoltageinvestigatorYourelectricutilityofersstrayvoltageinormationandsometestingatnocharge.Pleasecontactyourutilityormoreinormationaboutitsspecicpolicyandproceduresortesting.Alistoelectricutilitycontactsisonpage14.Whenselectingastrayvoltageinvestigatorcareshouldbetakentoensuretheinvestigatorhasthetrainingandexpertisenecessarytohelpyouidentiythecauseothestrayvoltageproblem.Youmaywanttoaskwheretheyreceivedtheirtrainingandgetreerralsrom IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE11otherarmers.OnesuchtrainingprogramisthroughtheUniversityoWisconsinExtensionServiceSeeyi.uwex.edumrecmrec-programs-and-conerences.Forbestresultsinsolvingtheproblemyoushouldasktheinvestigatortoollowtheproceduresandprotocolsoutlinedinthisguide.TherearealsowellrecognizedtrainingandcerticationprogramsoferedinWisconsinandMichigan.MoreinormationcanbeoundattheWisconsinDepartmentoAgricultureTradeandConsumerProtectionSeedatcp.wi.govFarmsWisconsin_Farm_CenterFarm_RewiringStray_Voltageindex.aspxortheMichiganAgriculturalEnergyCouncilSeemaec.msu.edutraining.htm.13.Iamconsideringexpandingmylivestockoperations.ArethereanyresourcestohelpmeplanforthisYourelectricianandutilityrepresentativeareimportantresourcestoinvolveearlyintheplanningprocess.AsignicantamountoIowasarmsareservedbysinglephaselines.Additionsomotorizedequipmentorarmexpansionsmayaddtotheelectricalrequirementsothearm.Theutilityserviceshouldbeevaluatedtodeterminetheimpactothisnewelectricalloadonstrayvoltagelevels.Usingrecommendedarmwiringpracticesthatminimizestrayvoltageisimportant.Theutilitymustalsoplanorincreasedloadsontheirsystemtopreventstrayvoltagerombecomingaproblem.Thismayincludeadditionalcostorupgradingtheutilitysystemneutralorextendingthree-phase.AdditionallytheMidwestRuralEnergyCouncilhasagoodpublicationtitledPlanningElectricalSystemsorDairyExpansions.Acopyothispublicationcanbeoundonthewebatyi.uwex.edumrecfles201102pes2.pd.AnotherresourceistheCoalitiontoSupportIowasFarmers1-800-932-2436orwww.supportarmers.com14.ArethereanyresourcestohelpmeplanfortheinstallationoroperationofcowtrainerscrowdgatesandelectricfencesYestheMidwestRuralEnergyCouncilhasapublicationtitledInstallationandOperationoElectricFencesCowTrainersandCrowdGates.Thispublicationcanbeoundonthewebatyi.uwex.edumrecfles201102ElectricFencers_MREC_051.pd15.Iamconsideringtheinstallationofwindenergyonmyfarm.ArethereanyconsiderationsrelatedtostrayvoltageforaddingwindenergytomyfarmTheMidwestRuralEnergyCouncilhasapublicationtitledWindTurbinesandFarmStrayVoltage.Acopyothispublicationcanbeoundonthewebatyi.uwex.edumrecfles201403WindTurbinesStrayVoltage-pages.pdWhiletheaboveinormationappliestowindenergyitwouldlikelyalsoapplytosolarmethanedigestersorotheron-armgenerationsources.16.IfIamconsideringtheinstallationofagenerationresourcee.g.windsolarmethanedigesteretc.doIneedtocontactmyelectricutilityYesitisalwaysadvisabletocontactyourelectricutilitywhenconsideringthepurchaseoanygenerationoryourarm.Yourelectricutilityisavaluablesourceoinormationrelatedtoyourdecisionsocontactthemwhenconsideringinvestinginanygenerationresource.Iowalawrequirescustomerstonotiytheirelectricutilityatleast30dayspriortotheoperationoyourgeneration.SeeIowaCodeSection476.6A.Yourelectricutilityhasawrittenpolicyorpurchasinganyexcesselectricityyoumaygenerate. 12IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDEThefollowingisaguidefortheproperinstallationofastrayvoltagemeter.STRAYVOLTAGEMETERAninexpensiveandeectivewaytomonitorthelevelostrayvoltageinthecowcontactareasistoinstallapermanentstrayvoltagemeter.Thereareseveralbrandsometersonthemarketthatarecurrentlybeingusedtomonitorstrayvoltage.ALLareeectiveIFtheyareinstalledandmaintainedproperly.Theillustrationshowsthecorrectwaytoinstallastrayvoltagemeterinabarn.Evenagoodmeterisnotuseuliitisnotcheckedormaintained.ALLmeterconnectionsmustbekeptcleanandtighttogetgoodvoltagereadings.Routinelychecktheinputvoltageterminalswaterlineclampandwiretothecopperplate.Breaksinthewirecorrosionandexcessivedirtbuildupwillseverelyimpactyourvoltagereadings.Youmaywanttokeepalogovoltagereadingsromyourmeteroruturereerence.Followyourmetermanualinstructionsoroperationandbatterychecks.StrayVoltageMeter.Mountthestrayvoltagemeter1inacleandryandeasilyaccessiblelocationorroutinechecking.WaterLineClamp.Connectoneendoa12solidUSEUndergroundServiceEntranceconductororaXHHWinsulatedwiretothewaterlineclamp2andotherendtooneotheinputvoltageterminalsonthemeterSeeclose-up.Brushtheareawherethewaterlineclampconnectswiththewaterpipewithawirebrushtoinsuretheclampmakesgoodcontact.InstructionsCopperPlate.Solderawiretoconnectthewaterlinetoa4x4copperplate.Besuretousewiresolderandnotplumbingsolder.PositionthePlate.Embedtheplate1to1-12deepintotheconcreteandremembertopositionthecopperplateinthecenterotherearhooareaawayromthemetalpiping.GrooveforLeadWire.Prepareagroove4toembedtheleadwire.PVCConduit.PutapieceorigidPVCtubingintothecement5toprotecttheleadwirewhereitcomesoutothecement.ExtendthePVCtubingatleastoureetupromthefoor.Alsoprotecttheleadwirealongwithanyothersuracesthatitmaybeexposedtoroughtreatment.GroutCover.Aterpositioningtheplateandwirecovertheplateandleadwirewithgrout34.MeterOperation.Reertoyourmetermanualoroperationandbatteryinormation.CloseupofWaterlineclampUsea12Wire IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE13HIRINGANELECTRICIANFORON-FARMWIRING2SeetheStateofIowaDepartmentofPublicSafetyWebsitefordetails.www.dps.state.ia.usfmelectricianindex.shtmlFindingtherightelectriciantodoworkonyourarmisimportant.Notjusttomakesureyougetyourmoneysworthbuttomakesuretheworkisdonerightandsaeincompliancewithallapplicablecodesandinawaythatcanhelpalleviatestrayvoltageconcernsratherthancompoundthem.Thereshouldbemoretotheanalysisthanjusthowmuchthejobmightcost.InordertoassistindividualsinselectinganappropriateelectriciantheollowingquestionsshouldbeaskedAreyoualicensedIowaelectrician2AreyouinsuredandbondedWhatkindoworkdoyoudomostHowlonghaveyoubeendoingthisworkWhatspecialtrainingorexperiencedoyouhavewitharmwiringDoyouhaveanytrainingintheareasostrayvoltageandpowerqualityissuesWillallwiringbedoneinaccordancewithStateandNationalElectricCodesArematerialsusedadequateorthearmenvironmente.g.moistureproodusttightULlistedetc.WillyouprovidereerencesorpastworksimilartowhatisproposedWillyouprovideawrittenestimateandwhatdoestheestimateincludeWillapermitbenecessaryandwhoisresponsibleorobtainingthepermitWhowillperormtheactualworkAreservicesavailableof-hoursandinemergenciesAreservicesavailabletoevaluateandtroubleshootpresentelectricalsystemsWillanitemizedstatementbeprovidedDoyouhaveagoodworkingrelationshipwiththelocalutilityWillyouguaranteeorprovideawarrantyoryourworkForadditionalinormationyoumaywanttoreviewtheIowaStateUniversityExtensionpublicationentitledConsiderationsWhenHiringaConsultantavailableatwww.extension.iastate.eduagdmwholefarmpdfc5-60.pdfInadditionalthoughnotspecictoelectriciansorcontractorsorarmsyoumightreviewtheFederalTradeCommissionFTCwebsiteconcerninghiringacontractoratwww.consumer.ftc.govarticles0242-hiring-contractor 14IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDEUTILITYCONTACTINFORMATIONAlliantEnergy563587-4553or1-800-255-4268AmanaSocietyServiceCompany319622-7600MidAmericanEnergy888427-5632AccessEnergyCooperative319385-1577Allamakee-ClaytonElectricCooperativeInc.563864-7611BooneValleyElectricCooperative515825-3998ButlerCountyRuralElectricCooperative319267-2726CalhounCountyElectricCooperativeAssociation712297-7112CharitonValleyCooperativeInc.641932-7126ClarkeElectricCooperativeInc.641342-2173ConsumersEnergy641752-1593East-CentralIowaRuralElectricCooperative319443-4343EasternIowaLightPowerCooperative563732-2211FarmersElectricCooperative319683-2510FarmersElectricCooperativeInc.641743-6146FranklinRuralElectricCooperative641456-2557GrundyCountyRuralElectricCooperative319824-5251GuthrieCountyRuralElectricCooperativeAssociation641747-2206HarrisonCountyRuralElectricCooperative712647-2727HawkeyeREC563547-3801HeartlandPowerCooperative641584-2251IowaLakesElectricCooperative712362-7870LinnCountyRuralElectricCooperative319377-1587LyonRuralElectricCooperative712472-2506MaquoketaValleyElectricCooperative319462-3542MidlandPowerCooperative515386-4111NishnabotnaValleyRuralElectricCooperative712755-2166NorthWestRuralElectricCooperative712707-4935OsceolaElectricCooperativeInc.712754-2519PellaCooperativeElectricAssociation641628-1040PleasantHillCommunityLine515826-3379PrairieEnergyCooperative515532-2805RaccoonValleyElectricCooperative712659-3649SouthernIowaElectricCooperativeInc.641664-2277SouthwestIowaRuralElectricCooperative641464-2244T.I.P.RuralElectricCooperative641522-9221WesternIowaPowerCooperative712263-2943WoodburyCountyRuralElectricCooperative712873-3125IowaAssociationofMunicipalUtilities515289-1999 IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE15Theollowingareexamplesobiosecuritypracticesoneshouldstronglyconsidertakingwhenworkingonalivestockarm.Thislistisnotexclusiveandthereoreitisalwaysimportantwhenschedulingtheinitialappointmenttoaskthearmownerormanagerwhatbiosecurityguidelinesyoushouldollow.SuggestionsforFarmVisitorsDonotvisitalivestockarmiyouhavebeenoutothecontinentalU.S.inthepasttwoweeks.Enterthearmthroughthedesignatedentrancearea.Parkinthedesignatedlocationorvehiclesenteringthearm.Donotparkneartheanimalhousingareas.Donotdrivethroughtheanimalhousingunits.Sign-intothevisitorlognameanddate.Declaretothearmownermanageriyouhavebeenonanotherarmpriortovisitinghisheracility.Wearonlycleanordisposableclothingandboots.Thearmownermanagermayprovidedisposablecoverallsandplasticbootsorvisitors.Useprovidedootbathsordisinectantcontainersattheentrancetoeachanimalhousingareaonthearmwhenavailable.Alwayscleanyourbootswhenmovingbetweenanimalhousingunits.Donothaveunnecessarydirectanimaleedorwatercontact.Considerappropriateanimalviewinglocationsthatminimizeriskodiseasetransmission.Anyequipmentcomingontothearmshouldbecleanedanddisinectedbeoreitenterstheproperty.SourcesBiosecurityonDairyFarmsUniversityoMinnesotaCollegeoVeterinaryMedicineBiosecurityNationalMilkProducersFederationINFORMATIONABOUTBIOSECURITYPROTOCOLSOtherBiosecurityResourcesAllspecieswww.biosecuritycenter.orgwww.armandranchbiosecurity.comwww.csph.iastate.eduSwinewww.pork.orgflelibraryBiosecurityBiosecurityBook.pdwww.pork.orgResources102SecurityandBiosecurity.aspxwww.pork.orgResources3585biosecurityonthearm.aspxwww.pork.orgResearch4316PEDVResources.aspxDairywww.aphis.usda.govanimal_healthnahmsdairydownloadsbamnBAMN01_BiosecurityDairies.pdwww.wvdl.wisc.eduwp-contentuploads201406WVDL-biosecurity-or-dairy-arms.pdwww.armandranchbiosecurity.comDairy_Herds_Insert.pdCattlewww.ianrpubs.unl.eduepublicpagespublicationD.jsppublicationId433www.iabee.orgCMDocsIowaBCBiosecurityBasicsorCattleProducers.pdwww.aphis.usda.govanimal_healthnahmsbeecowcaldownloadsbee0708Bee0708_is_Biosecurity.pdPoultrywww.csph.iastate.eduAnimal_ResponseEnglishpdPrevention20Practices20Poultry.pd 16IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDETESTINGPROCEDURESDescriptionofPhaseIandPhaseIITestingProcedures3IfnotcompletedasapartofPhaseI.PhaseIProtocolThisisaninitialscreeningorstrayvoltageataarmdonebyconductinga24-hourtest.Itisusedtodeterminestrayvoltagelevelsatanimalcontactlocations.Itisalsousedtoassessthebasiccharacteristicsothearmselectricalsystemandtheutilitydistributionsysteminthevicinityothearm.APhaseIinvestigationwouldincludetheollowingSpotvoltagechecksaredoneatarepresentativenumberoanimalcontactlocationstoidentiywhereanimalsmaybeexposedtovoltage.Spotchecksalsoidentiytheareaswithhighervoltagereadingsandwhereextendedtimeanimalcontactvoltagerecordingshouldbedone.Voltagemeasurementsaremonitoredwitharecordingvoltagemeteroraminimumoatleasttwomilkingsorapproximately24hours.Anominal500-Ohmresistorisusedorextendedanimalcontactmonitoringinordertoaccuratelymeasurethevoltagelivestockmayeel.Therecorderisalsomonitoringvoltagelevelsontheutilityelectricalsystematthetransormerandthearmelectricalsystematalivestockbuildingonthearm.Detailedreportsdataandexplanations.ProvidingacopyotheProperFarmWiringSummary.Seepage8PhaseIIProtocolAcomprehensiveteststrategydesignedbytheWisconsinPSCandusedtodetermineallsourcesoanimalcontactvoltagebothromon-armandof-armsources.Therearevespecictests1theloadboxtest2thesecondaryneutralvoltagedroptest3thesignaturetest4theprimaryproletestand5the24-hourtest.3Thesetestsorothertestsmaybeperormedasnecessarytogiveacompleteaccountotheelectricalactivityonthearm.LoadBoxTestLBtestPurposeThistestisusedtodeterminetheextenttowhichtheprimarysystemcontributestostraycurrentorvoltageatanimalcontactpoints.DescriptionThistestisusedtohelpdeterminetheamountoutilitycontributiontoanyanimalcontactvoltagecurrentexclusiveoanycontributionromon-armsources.Inthistestallarmloadsaredisconnectedromtheelectricalsystem.Theprimarytransormerhasa240-Voltresistiveloadboxo18to25kWinsizeconnectedtoit.Variouscurrentsandvoltagesaremeasuredtodetermineitheutilitysystemhastheabilitytocontribute1milliAmpocurrentormoretotheanimalcontactareaunderthatmaximumproxyloado18to25kW.SeeAppendixAPage20forasampleform. IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE17Thisisasampleillustrationofthetest.SecondaryNeutralVoltageDropTestRemoteReferenceRodMeasureneutralcurrentoverheadorinpanelCentralyardpoleVsVpsHairdryerRepeatforeachadditionalbuildingBarnVpVsVpsandVcarealsorecordedintheVcbuildingEitherthetransformergroundthesupplementalsecondarygroundwhenisolatedorthecenterdistributionpointcdpcanbeuseddependingontheevaluationbeingmade.Vp3.033.420.3212AOptionalMeasuredvoltagedropVpsiscomparedtocalculatedvoltagedropSecondaryNeutralVoltageDropTestSNVDtestPurposeThistestisusedtodeterminetheimpactoeachsecondaryserviceontheneutral-to-earthNEVandanimalcontactvoltagesonthedairyundercontrolledconditions.DescriptionAtestthatlooksateacharmelectricalservicetodetermineitspossiblecontributiontoanimalcontactvoltage.Forthistestoneserviceatatimeisenergizedandonlyoneproxyloadispowered.Thisloadisusuallyahairdryerorpaintpeelerhavingauniormcurrentdrawat120VrmsACinexcesso10Amps.Measurementsaremadeothephysicallengthotheneutralromthemaindistributionpaneltothesub-panelorloadpointbeingtested.Theexacttypeowireusedorthatneutralisnotedsothatitsresistanceperhundredeetcanbeascertained.Acalculationismadeotheproductothedistanceotheneutralinhundredsoeetandtheresistanceperhundredeetresultinginthetotalresistanceotheneutralconductor.AmeasurementismadeotheproxyloadcurrentandusingOhmsLawacalculationismadeotheexpectedvoltagedropontheneutralwireatullload.Thevoltagedropromthesourcepointtotheloadpointisthenmeasuredandcomparedtothecalculatedvalue.Itheydifersignicantlythismayindicatesomeunexpectedresistanceintheneutralcircuit.Thecontributiontotheanimalcontactvoltageothissourceisalsomeasuredandiitissignicanttheconditionisnotedorpossiblemitigation.SeeAppendixAPage22forasampleform. 18IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDESignatureTestPurposeThistestisusedtodeterminethecontributiontostraycurrentorvoltageoindividualpiecesoequipmentoperatingonthearm.Thetestisbestperormedwhenthereisminimalarmelectricalactivity.DescriptionDuringthistestindividualpiecesomajorcurrentdrawingequipmentarestartedandstopped.Theeectsostartingoperatingandstoppingoequipmentwillbemeasuredandrecordedoraperiodooperationoatleastteen15seconds.Thepersonconductingthetestwillidentiyandrecordtheequipmentbeingtestedandrecordthespecictimesthattheequipmentwasstartedandstopped.Adigitizingdatarecorderisusuallyusedtomeasureandrecordtherequiredelectricaldata.Thesemeasurementsareusuallytakenatthesamelocationsatthedairywheremeasurementsweretakenorthepurposeotheloadboxtestand24-hourtest.SeeAppendixAPage23forasampleform.PrimaryProfleTestPurposeThepurposeothistestistomeasureorcalculateneutral-to-earthvoltageNEVoramulti-groundeddistributionsystem.DescriptionAtestwherenearlysimultaneousreadingsoprimarysystemgroundingcurrentandgroundrodresistancearemade.Thesereadingsaretakenorallgroundedprimarydistributionpolesorthree-ourthsoamileromthearmstransormerpole.FromthisdataandusingOhmsLawaprimaryneutral-to-earthvoltagecanbecalculatedoreachpole.Thisdataisuseulinanalyzingthecharacterandcapabilitiesothedistributionneutralgroundsysteminthevicinityothearm.SeeAppendixAPage24forasampleform.24-HourTestPurposeandDescriptionTheprimarypurposeothe24-houratleasttwomilkingstestistomonitoranimalcontactvoltagelevelsoverapproximatelya24-hourperiodduringnormalarmoperations.Testingshouldbescheduledduringatimethatrefectstheoperatingconditionswhenimpactostrayvoltageissuspected.Forexampleseasonalvariationsinelectricalloadon-armoro-armorchangesingroundresistanceduetosoilmoisturecanimpactmeasureablelevelsostrayvoltage.Thistestistypicallydonebyinstallingarecordingvoltmeterwhichwillcontinuouslyrecordvoltagelevelsorthedurationothetest.Thistestisuseulinmonitoringchangesinvoltageasarmloadfuctuatesduringthetestperiod.Itwillalsohelptodetermineiadditionaltestingisnecessary.Instantaneousspotchecksareinitiallyperormedaroundthearmsteadatanimalcontactpointssuchasstallsandwaterersinordertoidentiytheareaswiththemostsignicantanimalcontactvoltageexposure.Therecordingvoltmeteristheninstalledorabout24hours.TESTINGPROCEDURESDescriptionoPhaseIandPhaseIITestingProceduresIpnIpnIpnIpnIpnIpgIpgIpgIpgMeasureIandRResistenceandcurrentmeterPrimaryProle IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE19SampleFormsThefollowingaresampleformsforperformingthevarioustestsforstrayvoltage.TheseformsweredevelopedfrommaterialsfromtheWisconsinPublicServiceCommission.Fordetailsoncompletingtheformsvisitthefollowingwebsitepsc.wi.govutilityinfoelectricstrayvoltage.htmAPPENDIXA 20IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDEDateCustomerNameCustomerPremiseNo.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXFARMOFFFARMONNOLOAD12LOADLowFULLLOADhiLOADBOXOFFCALCULATIONSFarmOffSUMMARYRtVphi-VpLow______________________________________________________________________________________________ohmsIphi-IpLowRpVphi-VpLow______________________________________________________________________________________________ohmsIpnhi-IpnLowRfVshi-VsLow______________________________________________________________________________________________ohmsIsnhi-IsnLowKVchi______________________________________________________________________________________________VshiCRIpnhi-IpnLow______________________________________________________________________________________________Iphi-IpLowPrimaryPhaseCurrentmaybecalculatedusingthemeasuredsecondarycurrentoftheloadboxandtheknowntransformerratioex.fora240voltsecondaryloadboxyoumeasure100ampswitha301transformerratiothephasecurrentat7200voltswouldbe100amps303.3ampsPage1of2NEUTRALISOLATORINSTALLEDYesNoTIMEIpIpnIsnIsnnetVpVsVpsVcFULLLOADMeasCalcNotesPRIMARYNEUTRALVOLTAGEDROP-LOADBOX IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE21VcAnimalcontactvoltagetakenwithahandheldorrecordingvoltmeterRtCombinedresistanceoffarmandutilitysystemRpResistanceofprimarysystemRfResistanceoffarmKK-factorratioofVctoVsofsecondaryvoltageatanimalcontactCRCurrentratioofprimarycurrentreturningonutilityneutralDEFINITIONSIpPrimaryPhaseCurrentIpnPrimaryNeutralCurrentIsnSecondaryNeutralCurrentIsnnetNetcurrentwhensimultaneouslyclampingthetwosecondaryphaseandtheneutralconductorsVpPrimaryvoltagetakenwithhandheldorrecordingvoltmeterVsSecondaryvoltagetakenwithhandheldorrecordingvoltmeterVpsVoltagebetweenprimaryandsecondaryneutralstakenwithhandheldorrecordingvoltmeterPage2of2LOADBOXTESTDIAGRAMVoltageRatioVRtestIftheKfactorexceeds50theVRtestcanbeusedtoseeifthereferencerodisundertheinuenceofthefarmprimaryelectricalsystem.MeasurethefarmprimarypolegroundresistanceRpgmeasandcurrentIpgmeas.Ifthemaindisconnectiswithin30feetofthisgroundrodusethenextexistingrodbacktowardthesubstation.Calculateprimaryneutralvoltagei.e.VpcalcIpgxRpgandcomparetovaluemeasuredbyloadboxtestwithloadboxofffarmonVp.Ifthetwovaluesarewithin20highorlowreferencerodisinthecorrectlocation. 22IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDECustomerNameIsolatedYNpeRytilitUetaDAWGFtOFFONOFFONOFFONAVVVVVpVVsVVpsVVcVCommentsSizeAlCuSizeAlCuIndicatesabuildingotherthantheVcbuilding.140.4200.26030.0340.020CenterDistributionPointGroundcdp120.2600.16020.0270.016SupplementarySecondaryGroundssg100.1700.10010.0210.013TransformerGroundxfmr80.1100.064100.0170.01060.0670.041200.0130.00840.0420.026300.0110.006..Eitherthetransformergroundssgwhenisolatedorthecenterdistributionpointcdpcanbeuseddependingontheevaluationbeingmade.IfusingtranformergroundVpVpwhennotisolated.VsEquipmentgroundtorefrodVpref.rodtoNOTE-circleonecdpxmfrssgRecorderinbuildingwithVcB.WireLength100C.Ohms100ftD.TotalOhmsBxCA.WiresizeResistanceChartOhmser100feetE.MeasuredneutralcurrentF.CalculatedVoltageDropDxEVps-measuredVDEquipmentgroundtocdpxfmrssgHairdryer120VloadtimeAllotherfarmloadsoffanduseonlyoneloadpersite.NotesandexceptionsrecordedatbottomLocationPHASEII-SECONDARYNEUTRALVOLTAGEDROPTEST IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE23INSTRUCTIONS1.Notetypeandvoltageofload.For120voltsuseenoughloadtogenerate10amperesofloadcurrent.2.Forexistingfarmloadsnotethetypeofloadandvoltageex.BarnCleaner240voltsBarnLighting120volts.3.Notethelocationofloadex.BarnShedNWcornerofFeedBunketc..4.Notetimesforturn-onandturn-off.Equipmentshouldbeturnedonforthesignatureforaperiodofnotlessthan10seconds.Putanasteriskinthelastcolumnifyoufoundtheequipmentalreadyonandyouturneditoffsothatthetimesshowninreverseordermakesense.CustomerNameDateUtilityRepresentativeNameUtilityIsolatedYesNoTESTNO.LOADTYPEANDVOLTSLOCATIONOFLOADTIMEONTIMEOFFMISCELLANEOUSNOTESUtilityRepresentativeSignatureDatePHASEII-SIGNATURETEST 24IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDECustomernameDateTestperformedbyRecordthecurrentIpgandtheresistanceRpgofeachgroundrodinalinearpatternthsofamileoneachsideofthefarmstaptransformerpole.CalculateusingOhmsLawtheprimaryneutraltoearthvoltageVpneforeachpole.UsethenotessectiontoannotatetheconditionofeachpoleandifthepolehasatransformercapacitorbankrecloserarrestortelephonepedestalorCATVdeviceetc.attached.POLEPOLEIDIpgmARpgCalc.VpneVNotes1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526PRIMARYPROFILEDATAFORM IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE25Examplesofitemstoinclude1.Graphovoltagesrecordedduringthemonitoringperiod.2.Highestanimalcontactsteady-statevoltagemeasuredduringtestingandthelocationothatmeasurement.3.Reerencetothestandardusedbytheutilityordecisionmakingregardingmoretestingtodeterminevoltagesources.4.Inecessaryadescriptionoanyutilitychangesthatweremadeduringtestingorwillbemadeatertesting.5.Providearmwiringrecommendationsorreerenceaarmwiringguideorchecklist.SampleLetterDearInsertarmernameThisreportsummarizesthestrayvoltageanalysisthatyourutilityconductedonyourarmINSERTDATE.Thanksoryourcooperationduringthistime.Followingisagraphromthestrayvoltagerecordershowingvoltagelevelsmeasured.Thegreenlineshowsanimalcontactstalltofooratthenorthparlorentrydoorvoltage.Theredlineshowsprimaryneutralatthetransormertoremotegroundrodlevelsandtheblacklineshowstheparlorandmilkhouseservicepanelgroundingbarsecondaryneutraltoaremotegroundrod.Thehighestcowcontactsteadystatevoltagelevelmeasuredintheparlorwas0.25volt.Cowcontactmeasurementsweretakenwithanominal500-Ohmresistor.Strayvoltagecancomeromon-armoro-armsources.Theutilityusesaconservativepreventativeactionlevelo1.0voltsteadystatevoltageoranimalcontactareastopreventcowavoidancebehavior.Thelevelsosteadystatevoltagemeasuredonyourarmdonotexceedthislevel.Theutilitywilltakeactioni0.5voltorgreateriscomingromo-armsourcesandthearmerisencouragedtotakeactionitheon-armcontributionis0.5voltorgreater.Foryourarmtheo-armcontributionwasmeasuredat0.25voltwhichisunderthe0.5voltlevelwhereyourutilitywilltakeactiontoreduceitscontributiontoanimalcontactareasbasedona20kWloadtest.Inordertokeepstrayvoltagelevelslowreertotheenclosedarmwiringchecklist.AlwaysmakewiringimprovementsinaccordancewiththeNationalElectricalCode.Iyouhaveanyquestionsonthisreportcallmeatxxx-xxx-xxxx.SincerelyAPPENDIXBModelReportforUtilitiestoUsewithFarmers 26IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDETheollowingisnotintendedtobeanexhaustivelistoresourcesbutatleastabeginningpoint.UnitedStatesDepartmentoAgricultureHandbookUSDAHandbooktitledEfectsoElectricalVoltageCurrentonFarmAnimalsHowtoDetectandRemedyProblemsissuedDecember1991naldc.nal.usda.govdownloadCAT92970513PDFPublicServiceCommissionoWisconsinpsc.wi.govutilityinoelectricstrayvoltage.htmMidwestRuralEnergyCouncilMRECTheMidwestRuralEnergyCouncilMRECwww.mrec.orghasdevelopedanumberopublicationsonruralenergyissues.Theollowingbrochuresarerom8to20pageslongandprovidedetailedcoverageothesubjectmatter.Fororderso500ormorecopiesoonebrochurethebrochuresmaybespecialprintedwithyourlogoattached.IyouwouldlikeasinglecopyorwouldliketoreviewtheseMRECpublicationstheyareavailableordownloadbyclickingtheollowinglinks.WiringHandbookorRuralFacilitieswww-mwps.sws.iastate.educatalogconstructionwiring-handbook-rural-acilitiesEquipotentialPlanesorStrayVoltageReductionInstallationGuidelinesyi.uwex.edumrecfles2011022006-MREC-Equipotential-Planes.pdPlanningElectricalSystemsorDairyExpansionsyi.uwex.edumrecfles201102pes2.pdFarmingSaelyandEfcientlywithElectricityyi.uwex.edumrecfles201102armsae.pdStrayVoltageDetectionASel-HelpGuideyi.uwex.edumrecfles201102svd.pdPowerQualityandComputersontheFarmyi.uwex.edumrecfles201102pq.pdInstallationandOperationoFencersCowTrainersandCrowdGatesyi.uwex.edumrecfles201102ElectricFencers_MREC_05.pdWindTurbinesandFarmStrayVoltageyi.uwex.edumrecfles201403WindTurbinesStrayVoltage-pages.pdMRECInormationalSheetsTheseshortonepageinormationalsheetsgiveabrieoverviewoaspecicsubject.Theseinormationalsheetscanbedownloadedtogetyouup-to-speedquicklyonsomerequentlyaskedquestions.TheMRECencouragesyoutodistributethesedocumentsinelectronicorprintedormattoanyonewithaquestion.InstallationandMaintenanceoCowTrainerslandscapeversionyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104Trainer-TriFold-16july05.pdInstallationandMaintenanceoCowTrainersportraitversionyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104trainer-portrait-16july05.pdAPPENDIXCListoReerenceMaterialsorUtilitiesandFarmers IOWASTRAYVOLTAGEGUIDE27InstallingElectrifedCrowdGateslandscapeversionyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104crowd-gate-TriFold-16july05.pdInstallingElectrifedCrowdGatesportraitversionyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104crowd-gate-portrait-16july05.pdStrayVoltageyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104StrayVoltage_InormationalPage_05.pdHighFrequencyNoiseyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104HighFrequencyNoise_InormationalPage_05.pdEarthCurrentsyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104EarthCurrents_InormationalPage_05.pdElectricalPollutionyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104ElectricalPollution_InormationalPage_05.pdElectricandMagneticFieldsEMFyi.uwex.edumrecfles201104Em_2008.pdWiringHandbookorRuralFacilitieswww-mwps.sws.iastate.educatalogconstructionwiring-handbook-rural-acilitiesNoteTheabovehandbookcanbepurchasedoranominaleeromtheabovewebsite.NationalElectricalSaetyCodestandards.ieee.orgfndstdsstandardC2-2012.htmlGenerallythisisthecodethatappliesontheutilitysideothemeter.Theabovewebsitehastheapplicablecodesectionsavailableorpurchase.NationalElectricalCodewww.npa.orgcodes-and-standardsdocument-inormation-pagesmodecodecode70Generallythisisthecodethatappliesonthecustomersideothemeter.Theabovewebsitehastheapplicablecodesectionsavailableorpurchase.TheIowaUtilitiesBoardadivisionotheIowaDepartmentoCommerceregulatesIowasutilitycompanies.Thisregulatoryauthorityencompassescertainpowerqualityissuessuchasstrayvoltage.IyouhaveanissuethatcannotberesolvedbythepartiesyoumayfleacomplaintwiththeUtilitiesBoardhowevertheBoarddoesnothavetheauthoritytoawarddamagesintheseinstances.TheollowinglinkontheirwebsitewillgiveyoumoreinormationaboutflingwiththeBoard.www.state.ia.usgovernmentcomutilcomplaintsindex.html Thefollowingorganizationsdevelopedthisguide.JULY2014IowaAssociationofElectricCooperativesForquestionsaboutstrayvoltagecontactyourelectricutility.Seepage14foralistofutilitycontacts.